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CAPSULES

acetylated amino acid pharmaceutical grade
60 caps 250mg --- Prod # 02007
100 caps 250mg --- Prod # 15032
60 caps 500mg --- Prod # 15037

Suggested Usage: As a dietary supplement, take 1 to 4 capsules per day on an empty stomach, or as directed by your qualified health consultant.

acetyl-l-carnitine (acetyl carnitine) is a more bioavailable form of the amino acid L-carnitine and is involved in many metabolic functions. As an antioxidant, acetyl carnitine can protect neurons from damage caused by superoxide radicals. Acetyl carnitine is involved in other aspects of neuronal metabolism and its molecular structure resembles the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Also, acetylcarnitine supplementation supports energy utilization by its effects of fatty acid metabolism in the mitochondria.

The acetyl form of carnitine is the most easily assimilated and the most stable form of carnitine.

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Each 250 mg capsule contains:

Acetyl L-Carnitine 250 mg

Other ingredients: rice powder and magnesium stearate. Capsule consists of gelatin.

Each 500 mg capsule contains:
Acetyl L-Carnitine 500mg

Other ingredients: magnesium stearate and silicon dioxide. Capsule consists of gelatin.

* Daily Value not established.

Store in a cool, dry place. Do not refrigerate.

Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is formed by acetylation of carnitine through the carnitine acetyltransferase activity. ALC can be freely exchanged across membranes and can provide acetyl groups from which to regenerate acetyl-CoA. ALC was first considered a cholinergic agent because of its structural similarity to acetylcholine. Experimental studies demonstrated that ALC
promotes acetylcholine synthesis and release and induces ChAT and muscarine receptor agonist activity. Moreover, ALC is also able to reverse hippocampal and prefrontal neuronal loss and lipofuscin accumulation in aged animals, even improving learning and memory performances in the same animals. On the other hand, ALC defends aged cells against lipid peroxidation,increasing the amount of antioxidizing agents as reduced glutathione and ubiquinol. Furthermore, in aged mitochondria, ALC also sustains the activity of complex I and complex IV of the electron transport chain, favors the coupling of oxidative
phosphorylation, reverses impairment of DNA/RNA transcriptase, and restores the age-induced impaired turnover of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins. Therefore, according to this evidence, ALC must be considered a neuroprotective agent, especially in dementia, because of the following properties: (a) antioxidizing action; (b) mitochondrial energy supply; (c) membrane stability function; and (d) cholinergic transmission enhancement.

Calvani M, et al. Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 663:483-486; 1992.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (UNITED STATES) Nov 8 1994

We argue for the critical role of oxidative damage in causing the mitochondrial dysfunction of aging. Oxidants generated by mitochondria appear to be the major source of the oxidative lesions that accumulate with age. Several mitochondrial functions decline with age. The contributing factors include the intrinsic rate of proton leakage across the inneritochondrial membrane (a correlate of oxidant formation), decreased membrane fluidity, and decreased levels and function of cardiolipin, which supports the function of many of the proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Acetyl-L-carnitine, a high-energy mitochondrial substrate, appears to reverse many age-associated deficits in cellular function, in part by increasing cellular ATP production. Such evidence supports the suggestion that age-associated accumulation of mitochondrial deficits due to oxidative damage is likely to be a major contributor to cellular, tissue, and organismal aging.

About 95% of cellular energy occurs in the mitochondria, and diseases of aging are increasingly being referred to as "mitochondrial disorders." Acetyl-L-carnitine is the biologically active amino acids involved in the transport of fatty acids into the cell's mitochondria for the purpose of producing energy. Acetyl-L-carnitine is sold as an
expensive drug in Europe to treat heart and neurological disease. It can increase muscle mass and convert body fat into energy.

Acetyl-L-carnitine has been shown to protect brain cells against aging-related degeneration and to improve mood, memory, and cognition. Many people use acetyl-L-carnitine to maintain immune competence and reduce the formation of the aging pigment lipofuscin.

The most important effect of acetyl-L-carnitine, however, is to maintain the function of the cell's energy powerhouse, the mitochondria.

A recently published article reported on research that showed that acetyl-L-carnitine modulated the use of glucose in the brain of rats. A Stanford University study of patients with Alzheimer's disease found that acetyl-L-carnitine slowed the progression of the disease in younger subjects.

Price: $37.50